The tone of the endothelial layer also determines how much work is needed from the heart to pump blood through the body. Endothelium is a specialized type of epithelium found in the lining of blood and lymphatic vessels. Also, it lines the heart cavities. It is the cardiac muscle that enables the heart to contract and allows for the synchronization of the heartbeat. The vascular endothelium is a monolayer of cells between the vessel lumen and the vascular smooth muscle cells. It plays a number of roles that are important for the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Epicardium: the outer protective layer of the heart. The endothelium is a thin membrane that coats the inside of blood vessels and the heart. Damage to the cardiovascular endothelium not only develops with heart disease, but is one of the first steps on the path to heart disease, detectable even before structural changes to the vessel wall are apparent. The inner layer lines the heart chambers and is made of endothelial cells. Superiorly, is the second layer: a subendocardial connective tissue which is continuous with the connective tissue of the myocardium. As mentioned earlier the endothelial cells do a lot more than just regulate blood flow with nitric oxide, so damaging them has many other consequences. The endothelial cells ultimately determine the health of your blood vessels and play a ⦠Far from being inert, it is metabolically active and produces a variety of vasoactive mediators. The heart wall is divided into three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The body tries to compensate for this by ordering the heart to pump harder to maintain normal flow by raising the blood pressure. The endothelial layer has a tone that contributes to the control of blood pressure. The heart wall is composed of connective tissue, endothelium, and cardiac muscle. Because it is adjacent to the bloodstream, the endothelium can signal a blood vesselâs muscle to respond to changes in pressure and inflammation. The endothelium is ⦠Endothelia are considered the âbrainsâ of blood vessels. The endothelium is a layer of cells on the inside of blood vessels and the heart. Branches of the heartâs conduction system are immersed into the subendocardial layer. The endothelium weighs approximately 1 kg in the average patient and covers a total surface area of 4000 to 7000 square meters. The layer assists in the regulation of mechanisms involved in blood clotting. Damaged endothelium therefore contributes to hypertension. The endothelium, which forms the inner cell lining of all blood vessels and lymphatics in the body, is a spatially distributed organ. Endothelium cells help to control toxic substances in the blood. Furthermore, this tissue has an embryonic mesodermal origin. 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