All kinds of soil pollutants originate from a source. Void ratio of the soil . Water is essential for clay mineral formation and most clay minerals are described as hydrous alumino silicates. Clay soil has several uses for around the home, the art studio and even the science lab. This is the range of the water content within which soil achieves its plastic state.This is a measure of plasticity of soil of our interest. In the field, soil texture can be determined by rubbing the soil between the fingers (see Fig. A coarse-textured soil is light because it is easy to work, while a fine-textured soil … 4. 3. Question 1 What is meant by soil profile?Draw a sketch of the soil profile and label the various layers? Answer: Soil profile is the sequence, colour, texture and nature of the horizons superimposed one above the other and exposed in a pit-section dug through the soil mantle. It is fertile. Q.5. What Is Clay Soil? The past stress may be less, equal or more than the current overburden stress taken during the sampling time. Replace the clayey soil by gravel layer: As mentioned above clayey soil is much welcoming to capillary rise. It can hold good amount of water. Differences between clayey soil and sandy soil: Clayey soil: It has much smaller particles. Weigh the retained soil on each sieve carefully. Its texture is porous, allowing water to flow through slowly enough for the plants to access it but fast enough to avoid waterlogged, soggy soil. Soil Texture is a description of the particle sizes present in the soil. Adsorbed water in clayey soil . Q & A about Sieve Analysis of Soil. If The soil is found in layers, which are arranged during the formation of soil. Question 2 What is soil? If soil froths when placed in a jar of vinegar, then it contains free calcium carbonate (chalk) or limestone and is lime rich. The plasticity of a soil is its ability to undergo deformation without cracking. Entrapped air and foreign matter . The soil content is well suited for several species of trees and shrubs that thrive on the nutrient-rich top layers of the clay, while moist, compacted portions of the soil have played a key role in ceramics and pottery for thousands of years. Particles are tightly packed ; Good for growing various crops. Three textural groups used are clayey (fine), Loamy (medium) and Sandy (Coarse). Loamy soil: The soil with a balanced mixture of humus, sand and clay is called loamy soil. 6. In case of a fine sand or silty or clayey subgrade, it is advisable to lay 100 mm insulating layer of screening or coarse sand on top of fine grained soil, the gradation of which will depend upon whether it is intended to act as a drainage layer as well. Structural arrangement of the soil particle . The main layers of the soil are topsoil, subsoil and the parent rock. Clay also forms spaces between the particles, so holds nutrients and water in much better than sandy soil. (Marks:20). Explain the necessity of overlays? Plasticity index is also denoted by PI. Clay is a type of soil that contains a high percentage of fine particles and colloidal substance and becomes sticky when wet (Webster, n.d.). It has the highest water holding capacity. Soil is the organic and inorganic material on the surface of the earth that provides the medium for plant growth. Loam is loose and crumbly in our hands. Soil pollution is a buildup of toxic chemical compounds, salts, pathogens, or radioactive materials that can affect plant and animal life. The best topsoil for growing plants is loamy soil. Recently excavated and generally saturated lumps of clayey soil have a relatively high undrained shear strength at low water contents and are difficult to compact. When water enters the soil, it displaces air from the some of the pores hence the air content of a soil is inversely proportional to its water content. The adsorbed water in clayey soils is leads to the plasticity of soil. It is Sandy soil. What is meant by soil profile? First, the foundation trenches are excavated to a depth of 1.5 meters, then filled in stages of 30 cm by hard material and finally rammed. Definition: Clay minerals are the characteristic minerals of the earths near surface environments. It is an important index property of fine grained soil, especially for clayey soils. Another important aspect of soil type, is the pH (acidity or alkalinity). Air get trapped between the particles. cohesive soil synonyms, cohesive soil pronunciation, cohesive soil translation, English dictionary definition of cohesive soil. Ans: The stack sieves are called a nest of sieves. Also, clayey soil is rich in humus and is very fertile. This type of soil is high in nutrients and is ideal for gardening or farming. The poor soil is first removed, and then the gap is filled by superior materials such as rubble stone, sand, gravel, or other hard materials. Q.1: What is meant by the nest of sieves? 12).For example, during the Niigata, Japan, earthquake of 1964, spectacular bearing failures occurred at the Kawagishicho apartment complex, with several four-story buildings settling and tipping by as much as 60 degrees (Fig. Smaller particle size soils (clayey soils) will have greater surface area per volume of soil and may pack more closely. If the proportion of fine particles is relatively higher then it is clayey soil. The Unified Soil Classification gives each soil type a two-letter designation. a) What is meant by overlay? 6. This soil is common to many parts of the world, limiting what homeowners, gardeners, and farmers can grow. Lime is often added to soil … Answer: The term 'reactive soil' doesn't have anything to do with it being contaminated in any way (it's not radioactive); rather, it refers to the way the soil reacts to changing moisture content. The poorly structured clayey soil (lower line) has a saturated conductivity much lower than the sandy soil. This will also affect the type of plants you can grow and how you manage your soil. Question 2 Give few properties of clayey soil? Draw a labelled diagram of soil profile. The clayey soil at any depth inside the ground, must have undergone a particular peak effective stress during its geologic history. 5. Q.2: What is meant … Soils derive their strength from contact between particles capable of transmitting normal as well as shear forces. Define cohesive soil. As indicated in our introduction to garden soil, perhaps the two most important characteristics of soil that you need to understand are soil texture and soil structure. Clay has the smallest particle size, then silt, with sand being the largest particle size category. It is not fertile. Clay soil is a very dense substance that can cause major drainage problems for your plants. Question 3 Give few properties of loamy soil? 28). Adsorbed water in the clay particles allow the particles to slip over one another. en ‘Fränkischer Spargel’ is produced in the areas of clayey ground that are typical of Franconia and in the sandy soils of the Jura, the hills and Keuper rock strata of Northern Bavaria, the Franconian Plain, the Spessart and the area around the Rhön at an average height of 200 to 300 metres above sea level. k will decrease if air is entrapped in the voids thus reducing its degree of saturation. So providing a layer of gravel by replacing clayey or silt soil were the building materials comes contact to the ground prevents water penetration to the structures. Clay soil is a soil that has at least a 25-percent consistency of clay. 4. In fine textured soils: clay is predominant (clayey soils). The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies. Water retention capacity of the clayey soil is quite high. How is soil formed? Soil texture acts as a guide to many Soil characteristics directly or indirectly related to plant growth. Some plants, like kūmara and potatoes, grow best in a more acidic soil (pH of 5.0–6.0). What is meant by Weathering? The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. Plasticity index. Hence, clayey soil useful for crops (such as wheat). As water content increases, the lumps weaken and soften and maybe compacted more easily. Thus, the shear strength of a soil is mainly governed by the effective stress. However, you can amend or alter the soil to produce a richer soil more suitable for planting. When the soil supporting a building or other structure liquefies and loses strength, soil deformations may occur, allowing the structure to settle and tip (Fig. 4. This is equal to difference between liquid limit and plastic limit of soil. Soil pH influences nutrient absorption and plant growth. They form in soils and sediments, and by diagenetic and hydrothermal alteration of rocks. Question 12. Farmers often talk of light soil and heavy soil. What Loam Does for Plants . It cannot hold water. Air content is low. Soil should be oven dried at 100 +- 5°C for 24 hours before sieve analysis. Soil Profile. Because of the balance of ingredients, loam is the ideal garden soil. b) Determine the overlay thickness from the following data, Assume any other missing data. Sandy soil: It has much larger particles. Effect of degree of saturation and other foreign matter . Clay soil is one of the most common soil types mostly found in areas with substantial amounts of annual precipitation. This is because the clayey soil consists of small pores and the flow paths are more restricted. The majority of Soils in Saurashtra region are clayey (fine textured), whereas in … If the soil contains a greater proportion of big particles. Question 3 Define the term humus? These layers called horizons, the sequence of layers is the soil profile. The soil dictates the kind of plants that you can grow and has a huge bearing on how well your plants will grow once you have selected them. The contact between soil particles is mainly due to friction and the corresponding stress between the soil grains is called the effective (or inter-granular) stress s'. Soils can become more acidic over time as minerals are leached away. Carrots and lettuces prefer soils with a neutral pH of 7.0. Soil reinforcement is the act of improving soil strength to enable it support or carry more load. n sticky soil such as clay or clayey silt whose strength depends on the surface tension of capillary water. 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