The common name, fever tree, comes from its tendency to grow in swampy areas: early European settlers in the region noted that malarial fever was contracted in areas with these trees. It is a prominent feature in the lowveld region of South Africa. Family: Fabaceae or Leguminosae. In addition 30 species of larger moths have been recorded as feeding on this tree. Southern Book Publishers (Pty) Ltd. Smit, N. 1999 Guide to the Acacias of South Africa. The fever tree is relatively easy to propagate. [9], Butterflies recorded as feeding on Vachellia xanthophloea in Kenya included the Kikuyu ciliate blue (Anthene kikuyu), Pitman's hairtail (Anthene pitmani), common ciliate blue (Anthene definita), African babul blue (Azanus jesous), Victoria's bar (Cigaritis victoriae) and common zebra blue (Leptotes pirithous). Click here to register. However, all trees with tap roots also have a network of sub-surface roots, some larger than others, that are utilized for water and nutrient supplies. It is also used in making candles, inks, matches, and paints. They do require mulch at the base in winter to protect them. Coates Palgrave, K. 1983 Trees of Southern Africa. Rhizobium possesses the enzyme systems (including nitrogenase enzyme complex) that convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrogen compounds useful to plants [ 41, 42 ]. Vachellia nilotica is a fast-growing though small, spiny, evergreen tree with a broad, rounded (rarely umbrella-shaped) crown. Affected are mainly camphor trees (cinnamomum camphora) and fever trees (vachellia xanthophloea). Young twigs have a red-brown bark which peels off leaving the twigs sulphur yellow. This is because mosquitos often lay eggs in moist swampy areas, and they need blood to do that. These trees, like all Vachellia species, do have slightly invasive root systems. It occurs rarely in extreme south Florida and has been found as a likely storm-deposited waif in a couple of areas on the west coast of FL. Vachellia xanthophloea (Acacia xanthophloea) This large sized deciduous tree is fast growing in the sun or semi-shade .It also grows well in a swampy, low lying areas and clay soils. Quick View; Countdown Timer. Available in 50L , 100L and 450L. The dappled shade underneath the canopy is ideal for smaller plants which require protection from the full brunt of the suns rays but still require sufficient light. Seedlings and young trees transplant well. adstringens without examining the seed pods. This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. Venter, F & Venter J. Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Pea, bean or legume family). Vachellia xanthophloea. Bark from this tree and four other herbs including Silene capensis (African dream root) and Synaptolepis kirkii are boiled into a brew. 404 2012. RSA Tree No. Briza Publications:Pretoria. Fever tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) – fever trees with their lime green bark make for a popular street tree. Medicinally, the roots and a powder made from bark stripped from the trunk are used as an emetic and as a prophylactic against malaria. WRA Specialist. Bright yellow, golden, ball-like flowers which are sweetly scented are borne in clusters on shortened side shoots at the nodes and towards the ends of branches. The species name xanthophloea is derived from the greek words xanthos meaning yellow andphloios meaning bark. Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) The indigenous Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) is an incredibly striking tree.Growing to approximately 15-25 metres in height, it is a prominent feature in the South African lowveld, and can be found from Kenya all the way down south to KwaZulu-Na tal.. Vachellia xanthophloea is a tree in the family Fabaceae, commonly known in English as the fever tree. They are frost and drought tolerant. Glenice The flowers are produced in scented pale cream spherical inflorescences, clustered at the nodes and towards the ends of the branches. The roots and powdered bark of the stem are used as an emetic and as a prophylactic against malaria. World Agroforestry Centre. Due to its mature dimensions it is recommended not to plant it close to buildings. Full sun, Partial shade Average water to moist Deep, fertile, sandy soil 10 – 15 metres tall Evergreen if watered through winter Fast growing Non-aggressive roots Improves soil fertility by nitrogen fixation The valuable timber of Vachellia xanthophloea is pale reddish brown with a hard, heavy texture, and, because it is liable to crack, it should be seasoned before use. Before going to sleep a question is asked that will be answered in their dreams. The wood is hard, heavy and a suitable general purpose timber but it should be seasoned before use otherwise it is likely to crack. Seed and young growing plants are available at selected seed stockists and nurseries respectively. However, these kinds of trees, like all Vachellia species, have slightly invasive root systems. If the powdery surface is rubbed away with the finger it will reveal a green bark beneath. This tree can tolerate moderate frost and can often be seen in cultivation in the cooler areas on the highveld such as certain parts of Johannesburg and Pretoria. Agroforestry tree database - Acacia xanthophloea. World Agroforestry Centre. The gum and green seeds are eaten by baboons. The paired thorns are brown, short and hooked, and the foliage light green. The tree is usually multistemmed, the crown is rounded and foliage drooping. Plant it 6 … Early pioneers thought that this tree caused a fever since people travelling or living in the areas where it grew contracted a badfever. Insects: These trees, like all Vachellia species, do have slightly invasive root systems. There is also a white flowering form. [12], These trees are immortalized by Rudyard Kipling in one of his Just So Stories, "The Elephant's Child", wherein he repeatedly refers to "the great grey-green, greasy Limpopo River, all set about with fever-trees. Suitable for: medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. 1985 Making the Most of Indigenous Trees. The act further requires that all sightings of Vachellia xanthophlea are to be reported to the appropriate authorities within 24 hours and that within Queensland everyone is obliged to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risk of Vachellia xanthophlea spreading until they have received advice from an authorised officer. [3] The gum is part of the diet of the Senegal bushbaby (Gallinago senegalensis) especially in the dry season. Its contrasting bark, feathery foliage, and architectural attributes make it an eye-catcher and thus suitable as a focal point in a landscape. Fever tree (Vachellia xanthophloea) – fever trees with their lime green bark make for a popular street tree. See photo. It has also become a landscape tree in other warm climates, outside of its natural range. The flowers are pollinated by Bees. First, V. karroo is a leguminous tree known to form root nodules [ 40 ], which are swellings on the root that contain nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (bacteria) known as Rhizobium. The species name xanthophloea is derived from the greek words xanthos meaning yellow andphloios meaning bark. Van Wyk, B, & van Wyk, P. 1997 Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. [4][5][6][7], The name xanthophloea is derived from Greek and means "yellow bark" (ξανθός "yellow, golden"; φλοιός "bark"). "[13], This tree has been used for thousands of years by African tribes as a divination tool. Vachellia xanthophloea is often planted as a source of firewood, but its gummy sap leaves a thick, black, tarlike residue when burnt. six to eight weeks after sowing) they should be transplanted from seedling trays into nursery bags, taking care not to damage the long taproot. If you have it, enjoy it. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and saline soils. The pale brown pods contain 5-10 elliptical, flattened green seeds and are 5–19 cm (2.0–7.5 in) long, straight, flat and rather papery, the segments are mostly longer than they are wide, often breaking up to form small clusters of segments each containing an individual seed. Seed can be sown in seedling trays using a well drained seedling medium and then covered lightly. It is not listed as being a threatened species. They therefore associated the fever with the tree. Due to its extensive and deep root system, the tree is used in reforestation project. The improvement in soil structure was also associated with increased drainage, especially during wet periods. During the first year, the tree benefits from an orchid fertilizer every three to four weeks. Whether this magnificent tree is used as a focal point in the landscape or planted in a group or as an avenue, the effect is always absolutely breathtaking. Briza: Pretoria. The trees grow to a height of 15–25 m (49–82 ft). This species of Vachellia is native to eastern and southern Africa (Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe). It is difficult to tell apart from Vachellia nilotica subsp. Kyalangalilwa B, et al. Roots grow in response to the growing conditions, so you may find that they will, in time, lift the paving. A water stress treatment showed that seedlings of C. adenogonium may be least affected by future drought, and V. xanthophloea may be able to adapt to drought by maintaining root biomass even as aboveground growth decreases. [10], Vachellia xanthophloea are planted next to dams and streams on farms to control soil erosion, as a live fence or hedge and in ornamental planting for shade and shelter in amenity areas. Flowering occurs from August or September to November. Not registered yet? The bark, root and resin of Acacia xanthophloea are produced to make incense for … Johhson, D. & Johnson S.1993 Gardening with Indigenous Trees and Shrubs. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society 172,500-523. The flowers are pollinated by Bees. All Vachellias have a tap root so the automatic assumption is that their roots are therefore not invasive. [3], The leaves and pods are used to provide food for livestock while the young branches and foliage are eaten by African elephants while giraffe and vervet monkeys eat the pods and leaves. Early pioneers thought that this tree caused a fever since people travelling … Common names: Fever tree (English), Koorsboom (Afrikaans), mooka-kwena (Northern Sotho), umHlosinga (Zulu), nkelenga (Tsonga), munzhelenga (Venda). These individuals are hugely dependent on this plant for their building materials, fodder and day-to-day fuel. The flowers are used for foraging by bees and provides favoured nesting sites for birds. Vachellia sieberiana grows a horizontally spreading root system which helps to anchor the tree. Full sun Grow up to 15-25m tall Most soils are adequate How to grow: Keep the tree away from permanent structures as the roots system in very invasive. Culture should be similar to V. farnesiana. They do require mulch at the base in winter to protect them. Common names: Umbrella Thorn, Umbrella Acacia, Curly-pod Acacia, Israeli babool, Haak-en-steek. Thus through these early settlers the myth was born and the plant acquired its name as the fever tree. Insects such as bees are attracted by the yellow colour and sweet scent of the flowers and perform a pollination role. Straight, white spines grow from the branch nodes in pairs. It can fix Nitrogen. Previously known as Acacia xanthophloea, this is a semi-deciduous to deciduous tree with an open rounded to spreading crown. It often forms pure, dense stands of closed woodland in seasonally flooded areas on alluvial soils. [3] It is one of the few trees where photosynthesis takes place in the bark. Attracting Birds to your Garden in southern Africa. The attractive Bladder-nut is an evergreen shrub or small The long straight white thorns are arranged in pairs and although they are very significant on young trees they often become barely noticeable on mature specimens. Flourish! The smooth bark is a bright yellow-green, birds love nesting in its branches and butterflies are attracted to the yellow … The Fever Tree (Vachellia xanthophloea): This tree grows 12–15m tall, with an 8–10m wide spread, so it’s perfect for gardens with lots of room. Because it is such a lovely shade tree and is fast growing, it is suitable for large gardens. It is also used as a hedge plant and as fire breaks. The Acacia xanthophloea or Fever Tree is a popular landscaping tree, with many features that make it both a useful and beautiful addition to various urban environments.This semi-deciduous to deciduous tree can reach up to 25m in the wild and it is often known for its unique lime green bark, making it popular as a feature tree. Medicinally the bark is used for treating fevers and eye complaints. They flower from Septemb ... the trees may cause damage when they grow bigger as the roots will spread at least twice the height of the tree. Acacia is basically a plant-it-and-forget-it type of tree, although a young tree may need protection from wildlife while it develops its defense system. ... 6 comments on “Vachellia xanthophloea” Glenice Ebedes says: 8th January 2020 at 4:33 pm Hi Cavill. Andrew Hankey & Marc SternWitwatersrand National Botanical GardenMarch 2002, SA Distribution: KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga. Badroodien said fever trees had smooth, slightly flaky, greenish-yellow bark coated in … The genus name Vachellia is named a after George Harvey Vachell (1789 – 1839), chaplain to the British East India Company in Macoa, who collected plants in China. Previous Names: Acacia maras, Acacia spirocarpoides, Acacia litakunensis. ... 6 comments on “Vachellia xanthophloea” Glenice Ebedes says: 8th January 2020 at 4:33 pm Hi Cavill. Vachellia – named after George H. Vachell (1789 – 1839), chaplain and plant collector in China. During the first year, the tree benefits from an orchid fertilizer every three to four weeks. Login to add your Comment WRA Specialist. Acacia is basically a plant-it-and-forget-it type of tree, although a young tree may need protection from wildlife while it develops its defense system. Pooley. They flower from Septemb It doesn’t get too big and the root system is non-invasive. PDF | Climate change, typified by drought, floods and rising temperatures continue to affect biodiversity in the world. It can fix Nitrogen. The complete field guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand & Transkei. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and saline soils. Suitable for: medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in heavy clay soil. It has also become a landscape tree in other warm climates, outside of its natural range. A fast growth rate of approximately 1.5 m per year under ideal conditions make this plant a good candidate for gardeners and landscapers who want quick results. It can flower up to 6 times a year. Armillaria isolates were made from plantations of Pinus spp. The fragrant yellow flowers open in Spring and smell like vanilla which attracts insects and insectivorous birds. In seasonally flooded areas it often forms dense single species stands. The roots and powdered bark of the stem are used as an emetic and as a prophylactic against malaria. There is a very rare species, Vachellia macranthera, occasionally cultivated. Flowers are followed by the production of yellowish-brown to brown pods which split open to reveal the small hard brown seeds, which may be harvested from January to April. Like other acacias and Fabaceae it is a nitrogen fixer, so improves soil fertility. On the whole this is true. ... Vachellia karoo Previously known as Acacia xanthophloea, this is a semi-deciduous to deciduous tree with an open rounded to spreading crown. Acacia xanthophloea has an aggressive root system and needs ample water. This causes the seeds to swell and usually by the next morning they are ready to be sown. These plants have a capitate inflorescence and stipules that are spinescent. This plant has root nodules containing nitrogen fixing bacteria as do most members of the Mimosaceae family and these play an important role in the nitrogen enrichment of soils which then has a positive impact on the growth of plants around the fever tree. 2013. It is hardy to zone (UK) 10. These trees, like all Vachellia species, do have slightly invasive root systems. Vachellia seyal is an evergreen Tree growing to 10 m (32ft) by 12 m (39ft) at a fast rate. Vachellia xanthophloea (Fabaceae) Page 3 of 6. [3], In Australia, Vachellia xanthophlea is a prohibited invasive plant in the state of Queensland under the Biosecurity Act 2014, under which it must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment without a permit. This tree is popular amongst birds for nest building as the thorns add extra protection against predators such as snakes. However, these kinds of trees, like all Vachellia species, have slightly invasive root systems. This tree was previously called Acacia xanthophloea. The fever tree is an exceptionally attractive tree and is often used to decorate gardens and urban landscapes. It is a shrub or small to medium-sized tree which grows to height of 12m. Before sowing, the seed should be soaked in hot water overnight. The fever tree occurs mainly in depressions and shallow pans where underground water is present or surface water collects after summer rains. Vachellia xanthophloea belongs to the pod bearing family Fabaceae. However, these kinds of trees, like all Vachellia species, have slightly invasive root systems. It bears cream-coloured, honey-scented, showy spikes for flowers which like the new leaves are purple before they open in Spring and early Summer. Acacia xanthophloea serves as a source of income for people located in rural areas. It has an aggressive and invasive root system and should therefore not be planted near buildings, swimming pools, drainage or sewerage systems. Quick View; Forest elder / Bosvlier ... Heteropyxis natalensis is an ideal tree for home gardens – a good focal point. Monkeys and grey louries also eat the flowers. However, these kinds of trees, like all Vachellia species, have slightly invasive root systems. The gum from the bark is used for printing and dyeing calico, as a sizing material for cotton and silks, and for paper manufacturing. Young branches and leaves are eaten by elephant and the leaves and pods are eaten by giraffe and vervet monkeys. Isolates were also made of A. heimii from Pinus elliottii in South Africa, Pelargonium asperum in Réunion, Tectona grandis in Zambia, and an unknown species in Zimbabwe and Cameroon. 188. Trendler, R. & Hes, L. 1994. The Acacia xanthophloea or Fever Tree is a popular landscaping tree, with many features that make it both a useful and beautiful addition to various urban environments.This semi-deciduous to deciduous tree can reach up to 25m in the wild and it is often known for its unique lime green bark, making it popular as a feature tree. E 1993. The main stems and larger branches are used to fence out hippo from fields on the Pongola flood plain and the timber is reputed to be used for boxwood. Diospyros whyteana is found through most of South Africa and is a multi-functional tree that can be planted in a smaller or large garden. The Fever tree (Vachellia xanthophloea), with its lime green bark makes for a popular street tree. For other uses, see, "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of, "The Macrolepidoptera Fauna of Acacia in the Kenyan Rift Valley (Part 1)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vachellia_xanthophloea&oldid=984934213, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 October 2020, at 23:47. Ideally, it is safe to plant this tree at least 8m from any structure to avoid any damage. Growing to approximately 15-25 metres in height, it is a prominent feature in the South African lowveld, and can be found from Kenya all the way down south to KwaZulu-Na tal. Vachellia refers to George Harvey Vachell (1789 – 1839), chaplain to the British East India Company in Macoa, who collected plants in China ; sieberiana is named for Franz Sieber (1789-1844), a Bohemian botanist, traveller and plant collector. [3], A fever tree planted outside of its natural range at Ilanda Wilds, "Fever tree" redirects here. It was originally thought that the tree caused malaria, hence it's common name. The characteristic bark is smooth, powdery and greenish yellow, although new twigs are purple, flaking later to reveal the characteristic yellow. It is now understood that malarial fever is spread by mosquitos living in the swampy areas that often support this tree species, and not by the tree species itself. Natal FloraPublications Trust: Durban. The leaves are twice compound, with small leaflets (8 mm × 2 mm (0.3 in × 0.1 in)). You can help protect yourself from scammers by verifying that the contact is a Microsoft Agent or Microsoft Employee and that the phone number is an official Microsoft global customer service number. Vachellia – named after George H. Vachell (1789 – 1839), chaplain and plant collector in China. The improvement in soil structure was also associated with increased drainage, especially during wet periods. This tree can be found from Kenya in the north to KwaZulu-Natal in the south. 408 2012. [8], Vachellia xanthophloea is found growing near swamps, riverine forests or on lake shores, in semi-evergreen bush land and woodland where there is a high groundwater table. The Fever tree (Vachellia xanthophloea), with its lime green bark makes for a popular street tree. Full sun Grow up to 15-25m tall Most soils are adequate How to grow: Keep the tree away from permanent structures as the roots system in very invasive. [3], Fever trees are fast growing and short lived. Tech support scams are an industry-wide issue where scammers trick you into paying for unnecessary technical support services. And vervet monkeys against predators such as snakes of Natal, Zululand & Transkei karoo Armillaria isolates were made plantations! In China, floods and rising temperatures continue to affect biodiversity in the north to KwaZulu-Natal in the north KwaZulu-Natal... 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